Artes

Artes (術技, Jutsuwaza; literally meaning "Skill Arts") is the term used to refer to all named attacks and spells in all Tales games. In the English context, this term originated in Tales of Eternia, referring to the Craymel Artes system for spells obtained through fringing Craymel Cages together. Other terms such as Skill and Technique were used as a translation for this concept in past video games, but in Tales of the Abyss, the term "arte" was extended to include all named battle movements, while "skill" was designated to refer to only passive effects. Parallel concepts exist in Tales of Rebirth and Tales of Legendia, which refer to artes as Force and Eres respectively, due to the significance of these concepts in their stories.

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 * —About Artes.

Strike Artes
The Strike Artes (技, Waza; literally meaning "Art/Technique") typically involves direct and physical interaction of a weapon or the user's body with the enemy. Depending on the amount of TP consumed and the damage output, these are often divided into three tiers: base, master, and arcane artes. All artes of each subset can be linked together in this order to create a combo chain. Certain passive skills may be used to alter this order, providing more freedom and creativity for players to create their own combo patterns. Some games remove the master arte category, which can limit the comboing potential, but there may be other additional arte groupings that are exclusive to certain games.

Base Artes
The Base Artes (特技, Tokugi; literally meaning "Special Arts"), also localized as Lv.1 Special Attacks in Tales of Symphonia, are usually learned as a character progresses through leveling up during the game, and sometimes through events and sidequests. Base artes consume a very minimal amount of TP, dealing a slightly increased amount of damage compared to a regular attack. These artes can be performed individually, but it is more efficient to attack enemies first with a regular attack combo, linking the base arte to the end of the chain to prevent lag time. Some examples of these artes include Demon Fang and Tiger Blade.

Base artes can also include self-supporting artes that can be activated instantly and without casting time. They can be used to heal or to provide small but useful stat gains for a short period of time. Certain self-supporting artes can damage nearby enemies, such as the altered version of Fiend Fusion, but these artes are usually unable to link into other artes within a combo. Examples include Coil and Center.

Master Artes
The Master Artes (秘技, Higi; literally meaning "Hidden Arts"), also localized as Lv.2 Special Attacks in Tales of Symphonia, are more powerful subset artes than the base artes, but they come at a price of higher TP cost. Master artes usually derive from existing base artes, so mastery of the original base is often required to obtain the next arte within the same family. These artes can be linked to the end of any combo chain if it is immediately preceded by a regular attack or base arte. Continuing from the above example, the associated master artes are Double Demon Fang and Tiger Rage, respectively.

In Tales of the Rays, master artes are the name for their altered arte system, in which using an arte capable being turned into a master arte after a certain point in the chain allows it to turn into its associated master arte.

Arcane Artes
The Arcane artes (奥義, Ougi; literally meaning "Secret Skill" or "Inner Meaning"), also been localized as both Lv.3 Special Attacks in Tales of Symphonia and hidden artes in Tales of Zestiria and Tales of Berseria, are the final rank for all strike artes, representing the most powerful artes that are available to a character that relies on physical attacks to damage enemies. TP costs can become significant if these artes are used too often, but the costs are usually worth the ability to prolong a combo and deal even more damage before the enemy has a chance to recover. Like the previous master artes, this tier of attacks usually builds upon the same family of artes, requiring mastery of the previous forms. To conclude the previous example, the final arcane arte forms are Demonic Chaos and Rending Tiger Blade.

Some arcane artes are derived from the combination of two existing artes, which can be both physical or magical in nature. The artes are fused together to form a new arte, using the components of the two bases to create a single combined attack. The arte names usually reflect this fusion by referencing the original bases. These artes usually require both bases to be mastered before the combined variant can be learned. Examples of these combination artes include Demonic Tiger Blade, which is based on Demon Fang and Tiger Blade, and Fang Blade Havoc, which combines Fang Blade and Havoc Strike.

Arcane artes can also include certain attacks that do not have a base in any of the lesser tiers. These artes can be learned by level or event, and they usually have a significantly lesser TP cost than those that follow the usual progression of power or combination. These artes might not be easily added to a combo chain, but they can have their uses. Examples include Guardian Field and Rising Phoenix. Additionally, in Tales of Zestiria and Tales of Berseria, when using hidden artes, the game chooses the user's lower value between P.ATK and A.ATK as an "offensive stat" for the damage calculation but pairs this by attacking the lesser of the target's P.DEF and A.DEF as the "defensive stat" for damage calculation.

Martial Combo
Martial artists, particularly Farah Oersted in Tales of Eternia and Regal Bryant in Tales of Symphonia, perform a different progression from the above. They have three main types, with a fourth special one depending on the user:
 * Ground Artes (地上技, Chijouwaza; literally meaning "Above Ground Arts"), designed for ground use
 * Anti-Air Artes (対空技, Taikuuwaza; literally meaning "Anti-Air Arts"), designed for ground-to-air use
 * Midair Artes (空中技, Kuuchuuwaza; literally meaning "Midair Arts"), designed for midair use
 * Power Artes (強打技, Kyoudawaza; literally meaning "Smiting Arts") or alternate Special Artes (特殊技, Tokushuwaza; literally meaning "Unique Arts"), designed as finishers

Ground artes can be comboed into anti-air or power artes. Anti-air artes can then be chained into midair artes, which can be followed by any other type. This chain allows them a unique system from other character.

Elemental Physical Artes
Elemental Physical Artes often contrast their base arte counterparts by dealing elemental damage and using a hybrid of the user's physical and magical attack power to determine damage. Some other games do not have the standard arte progression; these instead separate their artes into normal base artes and elemental physical artes with varying names. Games to use this system include Tales of Destiny (PS2) and Tales of Hearts.

Magic Artes
The Magic Artes (術, Jutsu; literally meaning "Magic" or "Technique"), also known as spells, are used by characters who have the knowledge and ability to perform magical feats. Spellcasters are usually tied to some limiting condition that enables them to possess these powers, such as the use of a Swordian or the hereditary blood of the elven race. Unlike strike artes, spells do not directly affect battle immediately following activation. The character usually recites an incantation before casting, limiting the speed by which they can deal damage to the enemy. Spells use TP after they have been cast, not during the incantation. By default, characters that are attacked during the incantation will be interrupted and the spell will not activate. However, with the use of certain passive skills, characters can have some resistance or even immunity to casting interruptions.

There are several names for magic artes depending on their usage and what powers them. Tales of Eternia, for example, names them Craymel Artes (晶霊術, Shoureijutsu; literally meaning "Crystal Spirit Magic") because they are empowered by Craymels, elemental spirits in the world symbolized by crystal shards, while in Tales of the Abyss, all spells are referred to as Fonic Artes (譜術, Fujutsu; literally meaning "Chanted Magic") because they use fonons, the fundamental particle in their world. Both Tales of Destiny and Tales of Destiny 2 would prefer the term Shoujutsu (晶術, Shoujutsu; literally meaning "Crystal Magic") in reference to the lens that dominate their world's history.

The term Spirit Artes (精霊術, Seireijutsu; literally meaning "Spirit Magic"), also known as spirit channeling, is used in Tales of Xillia and Tales of Xillia 2 due to the fact that casters form pacts with spirits to cast spells, while magic is known as Seraphic Artes (天響術, Tenkyoujutsu; literally meaning "Heavenly Echo Magic") in Tales of Zestiria due to use by seraphim and Malak Artes (聖隷術, Seireijutsu; literally meaning "Holy Servant Artes") as they are used by or channeled via malakhim and normin. Tales of Phantasia makes the alternate distinction between the various types of magic based on their origin. It uses Magic (魔術, Majutsu; literally meaning "Black Magic" / "Sorcery") for other spells which draw their power from mana, while differentiating Divine Power (法術, Houjutsu; literally meaning "Law Magic") as spells derived from prayer and Summoning (召喚術, Shoukanjutsu; literally meaning "Summoning Magic") as the ability to call upon elemental Spirits to aid battle for a short time, gained after forming pacts with the Spirits themselves.

Certain games may have more specialized terms for particular forms of magic that are unique to their different stories, such as the Angel Skills (天使術, Tenshijutsu; literally meaning "Angelic Magic") used by angels in Tales of Symphonia and the song-based Fonic Hymns (音素譜歌, Onsofuka) in Tales of the Abyss. In addition to the following methods, they may also be classified as novice, intermediate, and advanced, following a tier system similar to that which is used by strike artes to organize spells into groupings based on damage output, TP cost, and casting time.

Offensive Magic
Offensive magic represents the usual method used by spellcasters to deal damage to enemies. These artes consume more TP than physical strike artes, but they can be used to hit a large number of enemies within an area of effect with proper coordination and timing. They usually deal more damage than physical attacks, but the more powerful spells are countered by longer casting times, followed by a startup lag that further delays the damage output. Some examples include Fire Ball and Indignation.

Healing/Support/Recovery Magic
These spells are used to assist party members by offering temporary increased stats or reversing status ailments. These spells are more passive in nature, usually intended to cure and prevent enemy damage, or even to inflict damage to the enemy indirectly through de-buffs and other harmful conditions, to provide a better advantage for the party as a whole. Primary examples include First Aid and Barrier.

Summons
These are special incantations that enable an elemental deity, known as a Spirit, to be called into the battle temporarily to deal heavily concentrated damage or provide beneficial support to all allies. Summons can be activated only after several conditions are met, which can vary between each game. The summons can deal a very large amount of damage beyond the capability of most spells, but this is countered by their rare availability during battles. These summoned allies include Sylph and Celsius. The exceptions to this rule include Tales of Phantasia, Tales of Graces, and Tales of Xillia, in which the summons can be treated either as traditional spells or as physical artes.

Mystic Artes
Mystic Artes (秘奥義, Hi Ougi; literally meaning "Hidden Secret Skill" or "Hidden Inner Meaning") are typically rare and powerful artes that are unique to a given character within each game, usually accompanied with an anime-style facial or full-body cut-in of the character. These artes can be activated during battle while Over Limit mode is active, usually after performing an arcane arte and holding the "Attack" button, extending and linking into the mystic arte automatically. Other games may have alternative methods for activating mystic artes, sometimes exceedingly difficult to perform successfully to counter the significantly increased damage output.

Altered Artes
Altered artes (術技変化, Jutsuwaza Henka; literally meaning "Skill Arts Change") are artes which have been modified from another arte through some equipment or circumstance. FOF Changes (ＦＯＦ変化, FOF Henka) can be seen as a similar system. The altered artes concept was first used in Tales of Symphonia, where dealing elemental damage can turn some artes into others. For example, 's Rising Falcon can turn into the classic Rising Phoenix while dealing Fire-elemental damage. Other variations include Asbel's and Hubert's Altered Artes (術技変化, Jutsuwaza Henka) where during a duration of a burst arte the "Burst Artes" button (default: B (Wii), O (PS3)) needs to be held down to activate the next arte in the chain, Alvin's Charged Artes (チャージ技, Chāji Waza; literally meaning "Charge Artes") which alter most of his artes provided he has at least one charge stacked, Milla Maxwell and fractured Milla's Spirit Shifted Artes (魔技, Magi; literally meaning "Magic Arts") which allows her to alter her spells into martial artes. In Tales of Xillia and Tales of Xillia 2 equipping certains skills will replace some artes with others.

Stance Artes
Stance artes are a class of artes that when performed forces the attacked user to retaliate incoming attacks with an regular attack or arte of their own. Stances artes an uncommon recurrence in the series and are mainly used by sword and katana wielders, although sometimes characters wielding other weapon types have access to them as well.

Combination Artes
Combination Artes are a general term for artes that require the presence of a pair of characters to perform a certain combined attack that merges two of their own artes. This concept has appeared throughout the series with multiple variations in requirement and execution, first originating in Tales of Eternia with its Team Skills (協力技, Kyouryokuwaza; literally meaning "Collaboration Arts). The concept of merging two characters' artes together has been fleshed out progressively more with each game, leading to the Compound Special Attack (複合特技, Fukugou Tokugi) system is only used during a Unison Attack in both Tales of Symphonia, second the Combination Artes (合技, Gougi) of Tales of Hearts, and the Linked Arte (共鳴術技 / リンクアーツ, Kyoumei Jutsuwaza / Rinku Ātsu; literally meaning "Link Artes" / "Resonance Skill Arts") system in both the Tales of Xillia and the Tales of Xillia 2.

Commonly recurring combinations include Hell Pyre, as a combination of Tiger Blade and Fire Ball, and Impact Cross, as a combination of two characters' Sonic Thrust. This concept has since been expanded to include mystic artes, leading to the development of artes such as Celsius Calibur and Tiger Blade Sigma.

Tales of Graces
Tales of Graces split artes into two broad categories: assault artes (アーツ技, ātsu waza; literally meaning "arts artes") and burst artes (バースト技, bāsuto waza). Assault artes can only be used in order of increasing CC, resetting back at the end of the chain. These artes are analogous to traditional strike artes, reinforced by the fact that all characters' individual assault arte styles contain the word "waza" (技) in Japanese. Burst artes contain artes that are analogous to both elemental physical artes and spells; individual burst arte styles contain the word "jutsu" (術) in Japanese. Both types are originally puns in Japanese, as assault artes were activated by the "A" button and burst artes, the "B" button, in the Wii release of the game.

Tales of Zestiria
Tales of Zestiria reworks the traditional combo system into a trinity of competing types. There are three main arte classes: martial artes (特技, tokugi; literally meaning "special arts"), hidden artes (奥義, ougi; literally meaning "secret skills"), and seraphic artes (天響術, tenkyoujutsu; literally meaning "heavenly echo techniques"). Martial artes are capable of interrupting seraphic artes but can in turn be interrupted by hidden artes. Hidden artes cannot be staggered by martial artes but cannot interrupt seraphic artes. Seraphic artes actually cast faster when hit by hidden artes but do not enjoy the same protection from martial artes. Each character has only access to two of these types at a time, requiring careful decisions on party composition depending on the enemy.

Notes & Trivia

 * For many games, Japanese arte names have a sort of naming consistency. In general, spells are foreign words written in katakana. These are often English words or phrases, though some, such as Eclair de Larmes, derive from other Western languages. As a reverse, many traditional strike artes use kanji and the on'yomi pronunciation. These pronunciation rules have gradually fallen into disuse as the franchise has progressed; strike artes have incorporated other languages since almost the beginning and even Japanese artes have used non-On'yomi pronunciations in more recent games, while Tales of Berseria has magic artes written in kanji. Strike artes, on the other hand, almost always have the names of advanced versions somehow relate to the original arte or artes they were derived from.